منابع مشابه
Hunger: The carrot and the stick
Figure 1: Regulation of food intake by negative valence and positive valence appetitive systems, visceral aversive pathways, and the relationship with homeostatic deficit. Negative valence appetitive systems (e.g., AGRP neurons) are under homeostatic control, but AGRP neurons are rapidly inhibited by cues that predict food, thus consumption is associated with the positive valence system. Positi...
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This paper is intended to lay out for broader discussion some arguments for the importance of data in work in generative syntax. These are accepted by many linguists, but a significant number of others still seem reluctant to accept them. The basic claim is that it is no longer tenable for syntactic theories to be constructed on the evidence of a single person’s judgements, and that real progre...
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Many institutional arrangements suggest that punishments and rewards each play a separate role in providing incentives. In New York City’s recent negotiations with its teacher’s union, for instance, the city sought a contract that would strengthen school principals’ ability to assign teachers to be cafeteria monitors, in part because this allows them to punish underperforming teachers. The cont...
متن کاملIncentives and opportunism: from the carrot to the stick.
Cooperation in public good games is greatly promoted by positive and negative incentives. In this paper, we use evolutionary game dynamics to study the evolution of opportunism (the readiness to be swayed by incentives) and the evolution of trust (the propensity to cooperate in the absence of information on the co-players). If both positive and negative incentives are available, evolution leads...
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This paper reports on the use of carrot (positive) and stick (negative) incentives as methods of increasing effort among members of work teams. We study teams of four members in a laboratory environment in which giving effort towards the team goal is simulated by eliciting voluntary contributions towards the provision of a public good. We test the efficiencyimproving properties of four distinct...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1977
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/266292a0